Purpose: To present the outcome of Optic Disc Pit maculopathy (ODPM) managed successfully with an inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap over the Optic Disc. A narrative review of ODPM pathogenesis and surgical management techniques are also provided. Case Report: This prospective interventional case series included three eyes of three adult patients (25–39 years old) with unilateral ODPM and a mean duration of unilaterally decreased visual acuity of 7. 33 ± 2. 40 months (4–12 months). The pars plana vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment induction was performed on eyes, followed by an inverted ILM flap insertion over the Optic Disc and gas tamponade. Patients were followed for 7–16 weeks postoperatively,best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved dramatically in one patient from 2/200 to 20/25. BCVA in other patients improved two and three lines – to 20/50 and 20/30, respectively. A significant anatomical improvement was achieved in all three eyes, and no complication was detected throughout the follow-up period. Conclusion: Vitrectomy with inverted ILM flap insertion over the Optic Disc is safe and can yield favorable anatomical improvement in patients with ODPM.

This article is an Erratum to "Inverted ILM Flap Technique in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy". Please download the PDF or view the article HTML. '

Introduction: Melanocytoma is a rare benign stationary tumor that usually appears as a pigmented lesion on the Optic disk. Optic Disc Melanocytoma (ODM) can compress the Optic nerve or undergo necrosis, leading to ischemic axonal loss and visual fi eld defect, similar to those caused by glaucoma. Also, ODM often displays a clinical diagnostic dilemma due to its similarities with melanoma. Some patients have undergone enucleation because of uncertainty between both pathologies. Progressive growth and malignant transformation can be documented by close monitoring of the patient’ s eyes. Fundus examination and ancillary imaging procedures such as fundus photo, autofluorescence, B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, and spectraldomain Optic coherence tomography are powerful tools for ODM diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with a decrease in vision in the left eye for about 3 months. Her visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/80 in her right and left eyes, respectively. Funduscopic examination of the left eye showed a well-defi ned deeply pigmented brownishblack, dome-shaped nodular mass covered the entire Optic Disc with the normal-appearing overlying vitreous, macula, and surrounding retina. Short-wave autofluorescence revealed hypo-autofluorescence on the pigmented mass lesion. The patient’ s condition did not change signifi cantly over 2 years of follow-up. The diagnosis was made as ODM. Conclusions: Melanocytomas grow very slowly over several years or remains stable, in contrast to malignant melanoma. Although ODM tends to have benign behavior, it may adversely affect visual function. Yearly fundus examination is necessary for monitoring growth and detecting malignant transformation. Visual loss can result from Optic neuropathy or retinal vascular obstruction. In suspicious cases, close follow-up with serial fundus photographs is essential, even though the malignant transformation is exceptional.

Although Optic Disc cupping is mostly seen in glaucoma patients, it can occur in non-glaucomatous Optic neuropathies (NGON). The characteristics of NGON are cupping toxic Optic neuropathies, Optic neuritis, compressive ischemia, and hereditary nature. The basic components of Optic Disc cupping are prelaminar and laminar. Prelaminar thinning, which seemed to be non-specific, occurs in all types of retinal ganglion cell axon loss,such as compressive, ischemic, and inflammatory events,glaucoma,and aging. This form of cupping is usually shallow, with less excavation of the Optic Disc. Laminar type of cupping which is a clinically profound type of cupping, may damage peripapillary scleral and lamina cribrosa. Sometimes experienced clinicians cannot clearly distinguish glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous cupping. The non-glaucomatous Optic neuropathy has more neuroretinal rim pallor with less excavation of the Disc than in glaucoma. It also involves central visual acuity and color vision in primary levels with visual field defects aligned vertically and respecting the midline. Evaluation of the patient’, s medical records, disease presentation, ocular function, and examination are also crucial. Secondary examinations, including visual field examination and Optical coherence tomography (OCT) or neuroimaging, facilitate the disease’, s differentiation. This review presents the methods of examining a patient with an increased cup-to-Disc ratio.

PRESENTATION: We describe a 65-year-old woman with a retinal vein exiting via the Pit of the Optic nerve (PON). The patient did not report any history of ocular or systemic problems. A temporal congenital Pit of the Optic nerve (CPON) was detected in the right eye of a 65-yearold woman on routine examination. A retinal vein was noted to exit directly through the Optic Pit. The vein possibly continued as a choroidal vessel visible in continuity with the retinal vein [Figure 1a]. . .

Dear Editor, In their important contribution as a "Case Report", Abri Aghdam et al described a man with bilateral Optic Disc edema due to lead (Pb) poisoning and complicated by opium addiction. This is an excellent description of papilledema induced by Pb overexposure, which is a rare but serious Optic nerve damage attributed to systemic Pb toxicity. . .

Optic Disc Pits are rare and congenital or acquired anomalies of the Optic Disc, usually remaining asymptomatic. However, serous macular detachment or Optic Disc maculopathy is the most common complication, causing significant visual deterioration, without a current consensus about treatment. A 55-year-old woman with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension was referred for an abnormal finding in the retina. The Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Marcus-Gunn was negative and Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed no pathologic findings in both eyes. Funduscopic examination showed an excavation in the inferotemporal part of the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) with serous macular detachment extending to the Optic Disc. Based on clinical examination and paraclinical imaging fluorescein Angiogeraphy (FAG) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Optic Pit maculopathy was diagnosed and the patient underwent Juxtapapillary Laser Photocoagulation (JLP). After 2 years of follow-up, there were anatomical and functional improvements.

Optic Disc pseudo-duplication (ODPD) is a rare condition presumed to be a form of retinal coloboma. In this report, we present the case of a child with ODPD in one eye and diffuse chorioretinal coloboma, along with microcornea in the fellow eye. This case supports the hypothesis that ODPD may be linked to the colobomatous nature of the condition.